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Urine Test By Prostate cancer Specialists in Mumbai |
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| Date Added: October 20, 2010 08:37:51 AM | |
| Author: Amber Swan | |
| Category: General Health | |
British scientists have developed “the first reliable test of whether men are at high risk of prostate cancer”, reported the Daily Mail. It said the test has so far proven to be twice as precise as the existing PSA test, and is of urine rather than blood, which would make it cheaper to perform. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men, affecting 35,000 men in the UK a year, with 10,000 of those dying from the disease. This is very early laboratory research, and it is too early to suggest that the test “offers hope to thousands”. It is still not known whether a test based on this research could improve prediction of prostate cancer risk, prostate cancer diagnosis or disease monitoring. Larger studies within the community are needed before we have a better idea of whether this test could be a useful addition to the existing tests for prostate cancer. Where did the story come from? The study was carried out by researchers from the Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Cambridge Research Institute and other research centres in the UK, US and Australia. It was funded by the University of Cambridge, CRUK, The Institute of Cancer Research, The Everyman Campaign, the EU, Hutchison Whampoa Limited and The Prostate Cancer Research Foundation. The study was published in the peer-reviewed open-access journal PLoS ONE. The Daily Mail, The Guardian, BBC News and The Daily Telegraph covered this story. They suggest that the test may be able to identify people at greater risk of prostate cancer and could be part of a screening programme. However, some of the reports may give the wrong impression of how developed this test is. The research is still at an early stage, and it is not known whether this protein can be used to detect those at greater risk of prostate cancer, or how long it will take to become commercially available. There is much more work to be done on this test. What kind of research was this? The researchers say that previous genetic studies have identified a particular single letter genetic variation within a gene called MSMB that is more common in people with prostate cancer. Which form of this single letter (nucleotide) variation, called rs10993994, a person carries has been found to affect how active their MSMB gene is. The form of the variation that is linked with prostate cancer (called the ‘high risk allele’) causes the MSMB gene to be less active than it normally would be. The MSMB gene produces a protein called microseminoprotein-beta (MSMB), which is the second most abundant protein in semen after prostate serum antigen (PSA). About 30 to 40% of men of European descent carry the high-risk allele, and 70 to 80% of men of African descent. However, not all men carrying the high-risk allele will develop prostate cancer. Previous studies have suggested that men who carry one copy of the high-risk allele are 1.3 times more likely to develop prostate cancer than those with no copies of the high-risk allele. The researchers were interested in further investigating the role that MSMB might play in prostate cancer, and whether the high-risk allele influenced this role. They were also interested in seeing whether MSMB could be used to differentiate between men with and without prostate cancer. In this study, they looked at levels of MSMB protein in prostate tissue and in urine samples from men with or without prostate cancer. This sort of research is an appropriate way to start investigating whether a variation identified in genetic studies has an effect on the disease in question. The diagnostic portion of this study should be considered to be preliminary, as much more research would be needed to support its usefulness as a diagnostic test. What did the research involve? The researchers first looked at the MSMB protein in benign and malignant prostate cancer tissue samples, and whether this varied in people with the high-risk form of rs10993994. As each person carries two copies of rs10993994, they also looked at whether having one or two copies of the high-risk allele affected levels of MSMB protein in the prostate. They then looked at levels of the MSMB protein in urine samples, and whether this was related to levels of prostate serum antigen (PSA) in the urine, the presence or absence of prostate cancer, rs10993994 allele, and age at onset of prostate cancer. The researchers also looked at whether levels of the MSMB protein was more accurate than PSA in telling apart urine samples from men with prostate cancer and men without prostate cancer.The researchers used tissue, blood and urine samples collected from about 336 men with prostate cancer who had biopsies taken or their prostates removed at two UK hospitals between 1995 and 2008. They also used samples obtained from about 215 men taking part in another research study, who did not have prostate cancer or only had benign prostate lesions. http://www.justhealth.in |
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